Textbook of Critical Care [Part 2 of 3]

Textbook of Critical Care 5th, J. Fink\r......Page 1
Contents\r......Page 36
1 Sudden Deterioration in Neurologic Status\r......Page 46
2 Agitation and Delirium\r......Page 51
3 Management of Acute Pain in the ICU\r......Page 56
4 Fever and Hypothermia\r......Page 60
5 Very High Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure\r......Page 64
6 Low Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure\r......Page 70
7 Tachycardia and Bradycardia \r......Page 74
8 Respiratory Distress with Arterial Hypoxemia\r......Page 78
9 Acute Respiratory Failure\r......Page 82
10 Polyuria\r......Page 86
11 Oliguria\r......Page 90
12 Acid-Base Disorders\r......Page 94
13 Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia\r......Page 106
14 Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia\r......Page 110
15 Hypophosphatemia and Hyperphosphatemia\r......Page 114
16 Hypomagnesemia\r......Page 118
17 Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia\r......Page 122
18 Hypoglycemia\r......Page 125
19 Anemia of Critical Illness\r......Page 130
20 Thrombocytopenia\r......Page 136
22 Hyperbilirubinemia \r......Page 142
23 The Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding\r......Page 144
24 Ileus\r......Page 152
25 Diarrhea\r......Page 154
27 Chest Pain\r......Page 163
28 Regulation of Gene Expression\r......Page 170
29 The Neutrophil\r......Page 176
30 Macrophage Function\r......Page 184
31 Endothelial Function\r......Page 188
32 Lung Epithelial Function\r......Page 198
33 Lymphocyte Function After Injury\r......Page 204
34 Coagulation\r......Page 208
35 Complement\r......Page 216
36 Cytopathic Hypoxia: Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Sepsis\r......Page 224
37 Oxidative Lung Injury\r......Page 230
38 Apoptosis in the Critically Ill\r......Page 238
39 Cellular Signaling\r......Page 246
40 Receptor Physiology\r......Page 252
41 Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes and Other Products of Arachidonic Acid\r......Page 262
42 Nitric Oxide\r......Page 270
43 Carbon Monoxide and Heme Oxygenase-1\r......Page 278
44 Molecular and Biochemical Monitoring\r......Page 288
45 Genetics of Critical Illness\r......Page 296
46 Biochemical, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Death and Secondary Brain Injury in Critical Care\r......Page 306
47 Critical Neuropathophysiology\r......Page 318
48 Advanced Bedside Neuromonitoring\r......Page 330
49 Coma\r......Page 338
50 Cardiopulmonary- Cerebral Resuscitation\r......Page 354
51 Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke\r......Page 368
52 Nontraumatic Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage\r......Page 384
53 Seizures in the Critically Ill\r......Page 398
54 Neuromuscular Disorders in the ICU\r......Page 410
55 Traumatic Brain Injury\r......Page 420
56 Spinal Cord Injury\r......Page 434
57 Neuroimaging\r......Page 442
58 Intensive Care After Neurosurgery\r......Page 460
59 Key Issues in Pediatric Neurointensive Care\r......Page 470
60 Bedside Monitoring of Pulmonary Function\r......Page 488
61 Principles of Gas Exchange\r......Page 496
62 Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation\r......Page 506
63 Respiratory System Mechanics and Respiratory Muscle Function\r......Page 514
64 Heart-Lung Interactions\r......Page 526
65 Assist-Control Mechanical Ventilation\r......Page 540
66 Patient-Ventilator Interaction\r......Page 548
67 Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation\r......Page 554
68 Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation\r......Page 562
69 High-Frequency Ventilation\r......Page 570
70 Extracorporeal Life Support\r......Page 578
71 Adjunctive Respiratory Therapy\r......Page 582
72 Indication for and Management of Tracheostomy\r......Page 588
73 Hyperbaric Oxygen in Critical Care\r......Page 596
74 Imaging of the Chest in ICU\r......Page 600
75 Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome\r......Page 614
76 Aspiration Pneumonitis and Pneumonia\r......Page 624
77 Severe Asthma Exacerbation\r......Page 630
78 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease\r......Page 642
79 Pulmonary Embolism\r......Page 652
80 Other Embolic Syndromes\r......Page 663
81 Pulmonary Hypertension\r......Page 670
82 Pleural Disease in the ICU\r......Page 676
83 Community Acquired Pneumonia\r......Page 690
84 Nosocomial Pneumonia\r......Page 706
85 Pulmonary Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient\r......Page 722
86 Lung Transplantation\r......Page 726
87 Burns and Inhalation Injury\r......Page 734
88 Drowning\r......Page 742
89 Acute Parenchymal Disease in Infants and Children\r......Page 750
90 Pulmonary Edema\r......Page 762
91 Hemodynamic Monitoring\r......Page 778
92 Acute Coronary Syndromes: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis\r......Page 784
93 Acute Coronary Syndromes: Management and Complications\r......Page 796
94 Invasive Cardiac Procedures\r......Page 806
95 Supraventricular Arrhythmias\r......Page 814
96 Ventricular Arrhythmias\r......Page 826
97 Conduction Disturbances and Cardiac Pacemakers\r......Page 838
98 Sudden Cardiac Death: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrilators\r......Page 846
99 Severe Heart Failure\r......Page 856
100 Muyocarditis in the ICU\r......Page 866
101 Acquired and Congenital Heart Disease in Children\r......Page 876
102 Pericardial Diseases\r......Page 893
103 Emergent Valvular Disorders\r......Page 903
104 Infectious Endocarditis\r......Page 913
105 Hypertensive Crisis and Urgency\r......Page 921
106 Cardiac Surgery: Indications and Complications\r......Page 931
107 Pathophysiology and Classification of Shock States\r......Page 939
108 Resuscitation from Circulatory Shock\r......Page 947
109 Inotropic Therapy in the Critically Ill\r......Page 953
110 Mechanical Support in Cardiogenic Shock\r......Page 961
111 Peripheral Arteriopathies Including Embolism\r......Page 973
112 Critical Care Nutrition\r......Page 981
114 Portal Hypertension\r......Page 1003
115 Ascites\r......Page 1009
116 Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage\r......Page 1015
117 Hepatorenal Syndrome\r......Page 1025
118 Hepatopulmonary Syndrome\r......Page 1031
119 Hepatic Encephalopathy\r......Page 1033
120 Fulminant Hepatic Failure, Including Acetaminophen Toxicity\r......Page 1045
121 Calculous and Acalculous Cholecystitis\r......Page 1057
122 Acute Pancreatitis\r......Page 1063
123 Peritonitis and Intra-Abdominal Abscess\r......Page 1075
124 Ileus and Mechanical Small Bowel Obstruction\r......Page 1091
125 Acute Megacolon in Critically Ill Patients\r......Page 1097
126 Clinical Assessment of Renal Function\r......Page 1105
127 Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis\r......Page 1111
128 Disorders of Water Balance\r......Page 1127
129 Disorders of Plasma Potassium Concetration\r......Page 1139
130 Disorders of Calcium and Magnesium Metabolism\r......Page 1155
131 Fluid and Electrolytes in Pediatrics\r......Page 1173
132 Acute Renal Failure\r......Page 1181
133 Renal Replacement Therapy in the ICU\r......Page 1193
COLOR FIGURES\r......Page 1201
134 Urinary Tract Obstruction\r......Page 1211
135 Contrast Dye-Induced Nephropathy\r......Page 1221
136 Glomerulonephritis and Interstitial Nephritis in the ICU\r......Page 1225
137 Antimicrobials in Chemotherpay Strategy\r......Page 1233
138 Beta-Lactam Drugs Used in Critical Care\r......Page 1243
139 Aminoglycosides\r......Page 1251
140 Fluoroquinolones\r......Page 1256
141 Macrolides\r......Page 1263
142 Agents With Primary Activity Against Gram Posotive Bacteria\r......Page 1267
143 Metronidazole and Other Antiobiotics for Anaerobic Infections\r......Page 1277
144 Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Pneumonia\r......Page 1283
145 Vascular Catheter-Related Infections\r......Page 1291
146 Pathophysiology of Sepsis and Multiple Organ Dysfunction\r......Page 1301
147 Septic Shock\r......Page 1311
148 Sepsis and Multiple Organ System Failure in Children\r......Page 1319
149 Acute Bacteremia\r......Page 1327
150 Infections of the Urogenital Tract\r......Page 1337
151 Central Nervous System Infections\r......Page 1347
152 Infections of Skin, Muscle and Soft Tissue\r......Page 1361
153 Head and Neck Infections\r......Page 1371
154 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection\r......Page 1377
155 Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient\r......Page 1383
156 Infectious Endocarditis\r......Page 1393
157 Fungal Infections\r......Page 1397
158 Tuberculosis\r......Page 1411
159 Malaria and Other Tropical Infections in the ICU\r......Page 1419
160 Rickettsial Diseases\r......Page 1435
161 Acute Viral Syndromes\r......Page 1441
162 Clostridium Difficile Colitis\r......Page 1449
163 Tetanus\r......Page 1453
164 Botulism\r......Page 1457
165 Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever\r......Page 1463
166 Anemia and Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Critically Ill Patients\r......Page 1473
167 Blood Component Therapy\r......Page 1479
168 Management of Neutropenic Cancer Patients\r......Page 1489
169 Venous Thromboembolism in Medical-Surgical Critically Ill Patients\r......Page 1495
170 Hemaologic Malignancies in the ICU\r......Page 1501
171 The Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplanation Patient\r......Page 1507
172 Organ Toxicity of Cancer Chemotherapy\r......Page 1513
173 Hematology and Oncology in Children\r......Page 1523
174 Hyperglycemic Comas\r......Page 1531
175 Hyperglycemia and Blood Glucose Control in the ICU\r......Page 1537
176 Adrenal Insufficiency\r......Page 1543
177 Thyroid Gland Disorders\r......Page 1557
178 Diabetes Insipidus\r......Page 1567
179 Metabolic and Endocrine Crisis in the Pediatric ICU\r......Page 1571
180 Cardiovascular and Endocrinologic Changes Associated with Pregnancy\r......Page 1587
181 Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy\r......Page 1595
182 Acute Pulmonary Complications in Pregnancy\r......Page 1603
183 Postpartum Hemorrhage\r......Page 1609
184 Trauma in the Gravid Patient\r......Page 1617
185 General Principles of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics\r......Page 1625
186 Poisoning: Overview of Approaches for Evaluation and Treatment\r......Page 1639
187 Ethanol, Methanol and Ethylene Glycol\r......Page 1645
188 Anticonvulsants in the ICU\r......Page 1659
189 Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity\r......Page 1671
190 Drug Dosing in the Patient with Renal Failure\r......Page 1675
191 Antidepressant Drug Overdose\r......Page 1685
192 Clinical Use of Immunosuppressants\r......Page 1693
193 Digitalis\r......Page 1705
194 Heavy Metals\r......Page 1711
195 Hydrocarbons\r......Page 1721
196 Lithium\r......Page 1729
197 Theophylline and Other Methylxanthines\r......Page 1735
198 Antipsychotics\r......Page 1739
199 Principles of NSAID Therapy in Critical Care Medicine\r......Page 1743
200 Opioids\r......Page 1755
201 Pesticides and Herbicides\r......Page 1763
202 Sedatives and Hypnotics\r......Page 1767
203 Toxic Inhalations\r......Page 1777
204 Pharmacoeconomics in Critical Care\r......Page 1784
205 Difficult Airway Management for Intensivists\r......Page 1795
206 Bedside Ultrasonography\r......Page 1808
207 Central Venous Cathetirization\r......Page 1837
208 Arterial Cannulation and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement\r......Page 1843
209 Bedside Pulmonary Artery Catheterization\r......Page 1853
210 Cardioversion and Defibrilation\r......Page 1859
211 Transvenous and Transcutaneous Cardiac Pacing\r......Page 1869
212 Ventricular Assist Devices\r......Page 1877
213 Pericardiocentesis\r......Page 1885
214 Paracentesis and Diagnostic Peitoneal Lavege\r......Page 1893
215 Thoracentesis\r......Page 1897
216 Chest Tube Placement, Care and Removal\r......Page 1901
217 Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy\r......Page 1911
218 Bronchoalveolar Lavege and Protected Specimen Bronchial Brushing\r......Page 1917
219 Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy\r......Page 1923
220 Balloon Tamponade\r......Page 1928
221 Placement of Feeding Tubes\r......Page 1931
222 Lumbar Puncture\r......Page 1937
223 Jugular Venous and Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension Monitoring\r......Page 1939
224 Intracranial Pressure Monitoring\r......Page 1945
225 Indirect Calorimetry and Metabolic Monitoring\r......Page 1947
226 Cannulation for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation\r......Page 1951
227 Bedside Laparoscopy in the ICU\r......Page 1957
228 Pediatric Intensive Care Procedures\r......Page 1961
229 Resuscitation of Hypovolemic Shock \r......Page 1985
230 Mediastinitis\r......Page 1997
231 Epistaxis\r......Page 2003
232 Management of the Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patient\r......Page 2007
233 Management of Patients With Heart and Lung Transplants\r......Page 2021
234 Management of Patients with Kidney, Pancreas or Kidney/Pancreas Transplantation\r......Page 2027
235 Liver Transplantation\r......Page 2038
236 Intestinal and Multiple Organ Transplantation\r......Page 2053
237 Aortic Dissection\r......Page 2065
238 Splanchnic Ischemia\r......Page 2073
239 Abdominal Compartment Syndrome\r......Page 2083
240 Thrombolytics\r......Page 2091
241 Atheromatous Embolization\r......Page 2099
242 Pressure Ulceration\r......Page 2105
243 Management of Pain, Anxiety and Delirium\r......Page 2109
244 Burns\r......Page 2117
245 Thoracic Trauma\r......Page 2129
246 Abdominal Trauma\r......Page 2141
247 Pelvic and Major Long Bone Fractures\r......Page 2149
248 Pediatric Trauma\r......Page 2155
249 Management of the Brain-Dead Organ Donor\r......Page 2171
250 Non-Heartbeating Organ Donation\r......Page 2181
251 Beyond Technology: Caring for the Critically Ill\r......Page 2199
252 Resource Allocation in the ICU\r......Page 2205
253 Ethical Issues in the ICU\r......Page 2211
254 Ethical Controversies in Pediatric Critical Care\r......Page 2215
255 End-of-Life in the ICU\r......Page 2221
256 Determination of Death by Neurologic Criteria\r......Page 2225
258 Building Bedside Collaborative Practice\r......Page 2231
258 The Pursuit of Performance Excellence\r......Page 2239
259 Severity of Illness Indices and Outcome Prediction: Development and Evaluation\r......Page 2247
260 Evaluating Pediatric Critical Care\r......Page 2259
261 Key Issues in Critical Care Nursing\r......Page 2269
262 Transport Medicine\r......Page 2277
263 Disaster Medicine for the ICU Physician\r......Page 2285
264 Evidence-Based Critical Care\r......Page 2303
265 Teaching Critical Care\r......Page 2313
Index\r......Page 2321